In the finishing process of clothing, the washing process can obtain some special effects and increase the design comfort and beauty of the clothing. It is now widely used in many clothing.
The clothing washing process refers to the process of hand-processing and mechanical washing of semi-finished clothing, using some washing solvents to achieve dimensional stability, soft touch, and special color and texture effects. Since the dyes of clothing and the detergent added during the washing process will remain in the water discharged after washing, the washing plant must treat the discharged sewage, otherwise it will cause pollution to the environment.
Generally speaking, the washing process is most commonly used in denim clothing, especially the washing effect of jeans, which is favored by consumers. In addition to denim fabrics, other garments made of pure cotton, cotton blends, linen, silk and other fabrics can also be washed.
The washing of jeans generally goes through the following main steps:
1.
Handmade processing
The whiskering effect, wrinkle effect, and hole effect on jeans are all done manually with the help of needles in the early stage. Made by grinding with , sandpaper and small grinding wheel.
2.
Spraying treatment
In order to achieve the effect of partial bleaching of clothing, Spraying treatment is often combined with manual and water washing processes. Spraying is mostly designed on the front and back panels, waist and pockets of jeans.
In order to enhance the breaking strength of the yarn, the warp yarns are sizing during the weaving process of denim. The sizing will affect the efficiency of the chemical reaction, so desizing needs to be done before spraying. Then spray the corresponding concentration of reagent on the designated position, and the reaction will occur during the water washing process, thereby discoloring the sprayed part to achieve the bleaching effect.
3.
Washing treatment
Before washing, desizing is required to remove the slurry from the fabric and make it soft. Penetrants and softeners are required in this process. For different fabric types, the amount and ratio of detergent should be experimentally adjusted.
The main types of water washing are as follows:
1. General washing
Refers to ordinary washing with industrial washing machines. The main purpose is cleaning and softness. Add washing powder and other additives during washing. At a temperature of 50-80°C, after washing for a certain period of time, add softening agent to clean water to make the fabric soft, comfortable, natural and clean.
2. Rinse
That is, after ordinary washing with water, the temperature is raised to 60℃, and the bleaching color is According to the depth, add appropriate amount of bleaching water and rinse for a certain period of time.
It should be noted that the direction of adding bleach during operation should be consistent with the direction of the rotating cylinder to prevent the bleach from falling directly on the clothes because it cannot be diluted with water in time, causing partial bleaching.
3. Stone washing
Stone washing is usually performed after desizing. When washing, add a certain amount of pumice to the washing machine. The water level in the machine should be enough for the clothes to be completely soaked, so that the pumice can be in good contact with the clothes. General washing or rinsing can be carried out before stone washing, or rinsing can be carried out after stone washing.
According to the different requirements of customers, pumice, artificial stone and rubber balls are used for washing. Different washing effects can be achieved through the selection of stone specifications, adjustment of grinding time and temperature. After washing, the cloth surface will show a natural aged feeling, and the clothing will be partially damaged from minor to severe damage.
4. Sand washing
Sand washing became popular in the 1980s, using industrial water washing machines and combinations The purpose of using some alkali agents and oxidizing additives is to make the clothes have a certain fading effect and a sense of staleness after washing.
5. Enzyme washing
Enzyme washing is also called cellulase washing. It can degrade fibers under a certain pH value and temperature, causing the cloth surface to fade and remove lint more gently, and achieve a lasting soft effect. Compared with stone washing, enzyme washing can achieve a weight reduction effect and a permanent soft feel on the fabric; it can also improve the drape and gloss of the fabric; the washed pattern is delicate and does not turn gray.
If the jeans are washed with pumice first and then with enzyme water after desizing, a finer pattern will appear; if they are washed with enzyme water first and then with pumice, a coarser pattern will appear.
6. Snowflake washing
It is also called fried snowflakes, which is similar to dry polishing. It is like dry polishing on clothing. It is named after the large snowflakes that cover the clothes, and it is also done with a “fry machine”.
7. Resin creasing
The principle is the same as iron-free finishing, and the purpose is to form lasting specific wrinkles, combined with processes such as grinding, sandblasting and hand rubbing to express its unique style.
The main requirements are: long-lasting three-dimensional shape retention, good strength retention, no yellow spots, formaldehyde residues that meet national standards, minimal background color, reasonable selection of pharmaceuticals and preparation of pharmaceutical solutions, and setting Process conditions to prevent bluing.
8. Damage washing
After the ready-made garments are polished with pumice and treated with additives, in some parts ( Bone position, collar angle, etc.) will produce a certain degree of damage, and the clothes will have a more obvious dilapidated effect after washing.
In addition, tie-dye, laser engraving, hand-painting and other techniques are used in the washing process to achieve different effects.
The washing process is complex and has many parameters. It is necessary to conduct small sample washing before mass production to determine the best washing process. The washing effect can bring more added value to clothing, and it also requires a lot of manpower and equipment. Sufficient washing time must be set aside when formulating production plans
